Media Theorist - Carol Vernallis

 

Carol Vernallis

Carol Vernallis is the first person to articulate a theory of how music, lyrics and images can be placed in relation. She also provided detailed analyses of individual videos that show the parameters of sound and images at work in a temporal flow. (Vernallis, n.d.)

She has written two books that link to music theories, the first one being 'Experiencing Music Video' that theorise the genre of music from moving image and sound. Her second book being called 'Unruly Media: Youtube, Music Video, and the New Digital Cinema'

Her theory is made up of four concepts, these are : Narrative, Editing, Camera Movement/Framing and Diegesis.

Narrative - Carol Vernallis's theory suggests that the music video is a visual response to the narrative of the song. Resulting in whatever occurs in the video, reflects the lyrics of the song somehow. She follows her point by saying that the narrative may not always be complete so the narrative can be disconnected and only show a glimpse of the narrative throughout. However even with glimpses of a narrative, a music video has to have something making it continue to be enjoyable so this isn't always the narrative, it can be the music itself or the artist on screen.

Editing - For editing, carol's theory states that the editing of a music video can break the normal convention/rules of editing. This is stated because the editing in music video's doesn't have to be hidden like in movies, as continuity is key in movies and editing mistakes can take distract you from the movie. However music video's have more freedom when it comes to editing as most people pay attention to the song, and the video just being a fun creative way to express the lyrics even more, so there are less rules. Some rules frequently broken in music videos would be the 180 Degree rule, jump cuts, extreme change in pace of the editing style.

Example Music Video:

It is very obvious and clear from the beginning of this music video that it has been heavily editing, the majority of the video is sped up so feel more energetic and flow well better with the upbeat music. Throughout cuts are made to make Beyonce's movements hit the beat perfectly with the beat of the music.

Camera Movement & Framing - In Vernallis's theory for this concept she states that the establishing shots are one of the key camera features of a music video, they are used very frequently, as well as close up shots. Saying this, it can have a huge variety because the style of video can result in many different style of videos. In some cases the camera's movement may flow in time with the lyrics.

Example Music Video:

There are lots of close up and extreme close up shots throughout this entire music video because the focus of this video is all about Rhianna. It shows her vulnerability and with the camera being so up close and personal with her like this, it really adds to the feeling of being isolated and alone.

Diegesis - When it comes to music videos, diegesis is known as the constructed world made around the music video. In Vernallis's theory she explains that in music video's the diegesis is shown slowly, and repeatedly throughout a video. Some of these frames will appear more important than others due to the way they are shot but it all adds up together to create a type of backstory or surroundings of the area of the music video, making it more realistic.

References:

Vernallis, C. (n.d.). Music Stanford. Retrieved from Stanford University : https://music.stanford.edu/people/carol-vernallis

YouTube Clip 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4YRWT_Aldo

YouTube Clip 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF8BRvqGCNs