Three point lighting is a lighting technique used in video, film, photography and imagery. The technique uses three key light points:
Key light - This is the main light, it is usually the strongest and has the most influence on the look of the scene. It is placed to one side of the camera/subject so that this side is well lit and the other side has some shadow.
Fill Light - This is the secondary light and is placed on the opposite side of the key light. Typically it is used to fill the shadows created by the key. Hopefully the lighting will be softer, you can get this look by moving the lighter further or closer to the subject.
Back Light - This last light makes up the three point lighting and is placed behind the subject, it's purpose is to provide definition and a subtle highlight around the subjects outline. This can also help separate the subject form the backdrop.
These three lights can be used separately as well as together. A fourth light can be added to light the entire background too. The reason why we use three point lighting is to properly illuminate a subject in an effective and pleasing way by simply using three different lights.
Low Key Lighting:
Low key lighting is a lighting technique that focuses on creating shadows by using hard sources of lighting in shots. It aims to increase the contrast through shadows and dark tones. The term 'low key' is used in cinematography and photography to refer to any scene with high lighting ratio.
It tends to heighten the tension in scenes and build suspense with viewers, so this lighting technique is typically used in horror genre films and dark dramas/thrillers. Leading this lighting technique to be used in cinema to create dramatic, moody effects and in many types of films from romance to drama.
High Key Lighting:
High key lighting is a lighting technique typically used for TV, film and certain photography shoots. They all use high key lighting because it aims to reduce the lighting ration present in the scene. By doing this it means there is less contrast between darker tones and the brighter areas.
The results you get from high key lighting would be a brightly lit subject with more fill light and softer shadows.
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